|
Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights and merchandising. However, theatrical box office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications (such as Box Office Mojo and ''Variety'') in assessing the success of a film, mostly because of the availability of the data compared to sales figures for home video and broadcast rights, but also because of historical practice. Included on the list are charts of the top box office earners (ranked by both the nominal and real value of their revenue), a chart of high-grossing films by calendar year, a timeline showing the transition of the highest-grossing film record, and a chart of the highest-grossing film franchises and series. All charts are ranked by international theatrical box office performance where possible, excluding income derived from home video, broadcasting rights and merchandise. Traditionally, war films, musicals and historical dramas have been the most popular genres, but franchise films have been the best performers in the 21st century. Seven out of eight films from the ''Harry Potter'' franchise and all films from the Peter Jackson's ''Middle-earth'' series are included in the nominal earnings chart, while the ''Transformers'' and ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' franchises both feature prominently. There is also continued interest in the superhero genre: ''Batman'' and ''Superman'' from DC Comics and films based on the Marvel Comics brand, such as ''Spider-Man'', ''X-Men'' and films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, have generally done well. The only films in the top ten that are not adapted from a pre-existing property or a sequel are the top two, ''Avatar'' and ''Titanic'', both directed by James Cameron. Animated family films have performed consistently well, with Disney films enjoying lucrative re-releases prior to the home-video era. Disney also enjoyed later success with films such as ''Frozen'' (the highest-grossing animated film) and ''The Lion King'', as well as with its Pixar brand, of which the ''Toy Story'' films and ''Finding Nemo'' have been the best performers. Beyond Pixar animation, the ''Shrek'', ''Ice Age'', ''Madagascar'' and ''Despicable Me'' series have met with the most success. While inflation has eroded away the achievements of most films from the 1960s and 1970s, there are franchises originating from that period that are still active. Besides ''Superman'', ''James Bond'' and ''Star Trek'' films are still being released periodically, while the ''Star Wars'' saga and ''Planet of the Apes'' were reprised after a lengthy hiatus; ''Indiana Jones'' also saw a successful comeback after lying dormant for nearly twenty years. All six are still among the highest-grossing franchises, despite starting over thirty years ago. Some of the older films that held the record of highest-grossing film still have respectable grosses by today's standards, but do not really compete against today's top-earners: ''Gone with the Wind'' for instance—which was the highest-grossing film for twenty-five years—does not make the top fifty in the modern market, but, adjusted for inflation, would still be the highest-grossing film. All grosses on the list are expressed in U.S. dollars at their nominal value, except where stated otherwise. ==Highest-grossing films== With a worldwide box-office gross of over $2.7 billion, ''Avatar'' is often proclaimed to be the "highest-grossing" film, but such claims usually refer to theatrical revenues only and do not take into account home video and television income, which can form a significant portion of a film's earnings. Once revenue from home entertainment is factored in it is not immediately clear which film is the most successful. ''Titanic'' earned $1.2 billion from video and DVD sales and rentals, in addition to the $2.2 billion it grossed in theaters. While complete sales data are not available for ''Avatar'', it earned $345 million from the sale of sixteen million DVD and Blu-ray units in North America, and ultimately sold a total of thirty million DVD and Blu-ray units worldwide. After home video income is accounted for, both films have earned over $3 billion. Television broadcast rights will also substantially add to a film's earnings, with a film often earning as much as 20–25% of its theatrical box-office for a couple of television runs on top of pay-per-view revenues; ''Titanic'' earned a further $55 million from the NBC and HBO broadcast rights,〔 equating to about 9% of its North American gross. When a film is highly exploitable as a commercial property, its ancillary revenues can dwarf its income from direct film sales. ''The Lion King'' earned over $2 billion in box-office and home video sales, but this pales in comparison to the $6 billion earned at box offices around the world by the stage adaptation. Merchandising can be extremely lucrative too: ''The Lion King'' also sold $3 billion of merchandise, while Pixar's ''Cars''—which earned $462 million in theatrical revenues and was only a modest hit by comparison to other Pixar films〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Box Office Mojo )〕—generated global merchandise sales of over $8 billion in the five years after its 2006 release. Pixar also had another huge hit with ''Toy Story 3'', which generated almost $10 billion in merchandise retail sales in addition to the $1 billion it earned at the box office. On this chart, films are ranked by the revenues from theatrical exhibition at their nominal value, along with the highest positions they attained. Twenty-three films in total have grossed in excess of $1 billion worldwide, with ''Avatar'' ranked in the top position. All of the films have had a theatrical run (including re-releases) since 1996, and films that have not played since then do not appear on the chart because of ticket-price inflation, population size and ticket purchasing trends not being considered. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of highest-grossing films」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|